The former player: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racism in rugby union brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to reporters.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed significant focus on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"We are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the documentary, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is prepared to tell their story then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep carrying this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022